Psychiatric Neurosurgery with Advanced Imaging and Deep Brain Stimulation Techniques
Abstract
This study aims to reevaluate key research on the application of advanced neuroimaging techniques for enhancing deep brain stimulation (DBS) targeting psychiatric disorders. A comprehensive review of PubMed publications was conducted, focusing on psychiatric neurosurgery, DBS, diffusion tensor imaging, probabilistic tractography, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and blood oxygen level-dependent activation. Relevant studies were included for analysis. Recent advancements in neuroimaging, such as probabilistic tractography, diffusion tensor imaging, functional MRI, and positron emission tomography (PET), have provided higher-resolution characterizations of structural and functional connectivity within areas of interest. These imaging methods have improved our understanding of DBS mechanisms, moving from a single-system approach to more complex network-based targeting. This progress has enabled the discovery of new DBS targets and allowed for more personalized approaches to treating psychiatric conditions. Advanced neuroimaging techniques may be crucial for individualized DBS targeting disorders like treatment-resistant depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder, where disease manifestations and underlying causes are highly variable. These findings suggest cutting-edge imaging can further personalize and optimize DBS, enhancing its overall effectiveness in psychiatric neurosurgery.
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